Urinary tract infections are one of the most common clinical conditions that we receive samples for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the microbiology laboratories. Treatment choices are often relatively straight forward, but more and more we are faced with patients that may be more challenging to treat. Through discussion of a collection of cases we will consider what may be the best tool to treat and address urinary tract infections. We will consider the different information provided in the microbiology report, how to interpret MICs and what other patient or sample related factors may impact on our choices. The current ISCAID recommendations for diagnosing and treating UTIs will also be covered.